Tuesday, 29 May 2012

Evaluation - One hour show


The aim was to do a one-hour show in our group, in the style of a radio show broadcast on Radio Scotland. Our group consisted of myself, Liam, Allan, Hassan, Jen and Caelinn, at the start. Every member of the group was to produce a package on the same theme, which, for us, was Scottish Exports; things that were created in scotland, and are known of elsewhere. Before we settled on Scottish Exports, there were a few other ideas for what the theme of all our packages could be. The first being an hour-long show about student life, with us all making packages on different aspects of it. We quickly decided against this, as the thought was that it’d be way too easy to find interviews for the packages; everyone we’d need to interview would be in the same building, and it’s unlikely that hunting for interview would be as easy as that elsewhere. 
An idea that I had for the theme, was that all of our packages would focus on the different aspects of putting on a live show. The promotion, the merchandise, the mental state a performer is in before a show, etc. Liam brought up the fact that we might run out of people to interview, which I agreed with. As each package had to include 3 interviews each, and there were 5 of us, that would’ve been 15 different interviewees we’d have to get. It was wise for us to widen the net, and give us some more range as to who we can interview and what about. Liam’s idea of Scottish Exports was a great one. My first thought was to do a package on Scottish Comedy Exports, Liam was going to do a package on Scottish Comic Book Writers, Allan on Scottish Music Exports, Jen on Whisky and Hassan on Tartan. These packages would be played out during our one hour Culture Café show. At this point, Caellin had left college and was no longer part of the group.
Jen was very bad at staying in contact with us. At the start, when we’d just started working on the one hour show, she was around now and again. But she was only there for one of the group meetings, and every other time involved up having to get her up to speed with everything, on one of the rare occasions when she was in. When it was getting to the last few weeks before the hour show, one of our biggest worries, as a group, was that Jen wasn’t going to complete her package. To the point that when we found out she was no longer going to be in the group, we had expected it and already had a suitable alternative to her package, in order to fill up the time. We were going to have a group discussion. We thought it’d be a great start to the show, as it’s a nice introduction to the topic of scottish exports; the discussion focussed on what some people thought scotland’s most important export was and what they would like scotland to be most well-known for.
Another idea I had to lengthen the one hour show, was to include interviews with the producers of each package. Every interview would ask the producer why they wanted to make the package, if they had any troubles along the way and what they would like people to take away from the package. The plan was for the interviews to last about 2 minutes long. I wish I would’ve came up with this idea when we had a bit more time to spare; it was just a few days before the one hour show, and due to him not being around and us running out of time, we didn’t have time to record an interview with Hassan. We also tried to feature an audio clip of something that related to some of our packages; after Liam’s package, we played a clip relating to his package (which was originally going to be a reading of a comic excerpt, which we sadly didn’t get done in time) and before/after Allan’s we had music which related to the topics and artists covered in his package. I felt that there shouldn’t be a comedy clip after my package, as I both had some clips in the package itself, and thought that the interview would Gareth would be enough time talking about my specific package. 
In terms of the live guest for the hour show, I should’ve paid more attention and given more of an input as to who we were going to interview. My original thought was to have a musical guest, that fits in with Allan’s package. I thought that we could have a live interview with one of the up-and-coming scottish bands that features in his package, and then maybe a pre-recorded live performance, as I feel that that’s what I’d expect to hear on a show that was on Radio Scotland, and on this particular theme. But Allan dismissed that idea, as at the time, he thought we had to have a guest that encompassed all of our packages; it was only later that we found out that the guest could really just relate to one of them. Then all I really knew was that Allan had been in contact with someone who he thought would be good for the package. But then that person went quiet. Luckily, just when we needed it, we managed to get a hold of a live guest. The woman that Allan had been talking to about a live interview had went a bit quiet about it, so we were worrying that it was about one week before the one hour show, and we didn’t have a guest confirmed. Then, my friend Gareth Waugh contacted me for some tips about how he can impress at an interview he had for this very course. I asked if he’d be up for returning the favour, in the form of being our live guest and he agreed; I feel that this was a great get for us as a group, as Gareth is a stand-up comedian and has performed in places as afar as Australia. My package was mainly about scottish tv shows/comedians being shown/performing in England, but as he’s played in Australia before that gives another view of that.
I was in charge of doing the majority of the script for the hour long show, as I’d agreed to do so at an early stage. It would’ve been a lot easier if I’d had everyones intro, and knew the duration of every package; this also goes for me, as I wrote my intro to my package quite late on. To get the timings correct, I needed to know the exact length of every package, everything else that was to be included in the show and how long everybody’s live intro would be. I didn’t get the timing for Liam’s package until about just 30 minutes before the one hour, which means I then had to alter the time for everything that would appear after it, and print it off. I wasn’t really happy with this, as it was last-minute rush and I was too stressed to know if I was adding up the timings correctly, but I know that Liam had trouble getting his package ready.
The preparation that morning, the morning of the one hour show, didn't go too great. For some reason Hassan's package wasn't working on the computer, which it needed to so we could upload it to the system. so I suggested that he bounced it from his original pro tools file again, which worked, but only when it was put on my usb, which was weird; he reckons there is something wrong with his one.
I’d originally planned to use this time to work on the final bit of the script. Liam was still finishing off his package, so it wasn't until the last 20/30 minutes before the live show that he was able to get his package intro to me, to print out. I got a bit stressed out when re-doing the timings (as I now knew the length of Liam's package) as i knew how little time we had left, and I'm not entirely sure if all of my timings were correct. There was also a problem printing the script, but luckily barry from another group printed it off for us, which I was very thankful for.
In terms of how the actual show went, I think it went well. There was only one bit where, at the time, I was worried I’d ruined the show for everyone. And that was when I was interviewing Gareth. I just froze up at one point, but luckily it wasn't for as long as I thought it was; just a second or something. This was due to me not having any more questions for Gareth written down, which I don't think was entirely my fault; a few times I'd asked other group members to add questions for him but got nothing in return. This was annoying as I had to rely on the few questions that I’d come up with myself. The other members of the group could see that I was struggling, and got me to wrap it up; annoyingly about 3 or 4 minutes short of what was planned. I was really worried that I'd ruined the whole thing at this point, but was reassured by the others. and we decided, that to fill the gap, we'd put another song in that relates to Allan's package. For a while we discussed coming back to Gareth at the end for another interview, but at the time didn't know if we would've been able to come up with enough questions for him, in that short space of time. So we played another song at the end, that fitted in with Allan's package, and that brought us exactly to the 1 hour mark. So yeah, overall I think it went really well; it's just that at the time, and a bit after, I was worried that i'd ruined it all during the interview with Gareth. When listening back to it, it sounds nowhere near as bad as I thought it was at the time. Though I do think my interviewing could've been a bit better, in terms of listening to Gareth and responding to what he was saying; I mainly just read out question after question, which I regret doing now.
I think we achieved our aim of putting together a show for BBC Radio Scotland. We definitely should’ve worked a bit quicker and more efficiently, in order to have the show ready a fair bit before the broadcast, so things weren’t quite as rushed. I think the only real downfall of the show, was not having enough questions prepared for the live guest; because of that, we shoved another song on to the end of the show, which didn’t really work because there were already 2 songs being played and I don’t think a show like ours, on Radio Scotland, is likely to play 3 songs (almost) in a row during this type of show. It’s quite obvious that we just put one at the end purely to fill time, as there were no songs featured earlier in the show. Just a sudden surge of them at the end. But all in all, I think we came together and did a good job.

Evaluation - Package


The brief for this project, was to create a 6 - 8 minute package on a topic of our choice, as long as that choice fitted in with the theme we chose, as a group; every group had to think of a theme for our packages, and then we all went off and made our own pieces, relating to that theme. We also had to settle on a radio station that our packages were going to be played out on, and make our packages with this station in mind at all times. These packages must include at least 3 interviews each.
Our group chose to go with the theme of Scottish Exports; things from Scotland, that have made an impact elsewhere in the world. The first idea that we had for a theme was doing packages on all the different aspects of student life, but we decided that that’d be too easy to do, as we wouldn’t really have to go out-with the college to find all of the interviews. An idea I had was to go through every aspect of setting up a live gig, from the idea to the promotion to the performance, in seperate packages; with this one, it was a worry that we wouldn’t have enough original people to interview.
So we went with the Scottish Exports idea, which I was very happy with. Straight away I decided to do mine on Scottish Comedy Exports, as it’s a topic I’m really interested in and doing my package on it was a great change for me to learn more about it. My main aim was to find out why a lot of brilliant Scottish TV comedies were not getting the credit they deserved outside of Scotland.
I was hoping that the general path that the package would follow would be: talking about the creation of a scottish comedy > talking about getting a scottish creation shown to an audience outside of scotland > the opinion of scottish comedies from someone outside of scotland. To work out exactly how the package was going to flow, I felt that my main task was to get the interviews confirmed and recorded. 
I set out to interview the following: a creator of scottish tv comedy, a commissioner of tv and a reviewer from outside of scotland who could talk about how scottish shows are received elsewhere. 
When I was looking for a reviewer, the first person that immediately came to mind was Grace Dent; I’d seen some of her articles on scottish comedies such as Burnistoun on the Guardian website, and thought she’d be great to talk to about why scottish comedies aren’t shown in england, as she obviously has an interest in that topic (as there was an article in the guardian about it.) I tried sending her some tweets about this but she didn’t get back to me, so I asked a mutual friend to forward an email to her about the email. She also didn’t respond to that, so I decided that it’s obvious I wasn’t going to get her to be a part of my package. But I still needed to get the opinion of a reviewer, so I approached Jay Richardson, a freelance journalist. He was very nice, but the audio I got from that interview wasn’t really useable; he was both on a bus, making the quality poor and he didn’t really say anything that I was looking for. Luckily, Paul English from the Daily Record got back to me about the interview an was available for an interview; I was a bit worried as the interview was just a week before the final package was to be completed by. But I’m glad that it happened. The only thing I’m slightly disappointed about is the fact that he was not a reviewer from outside of Scotland, which is what I was really looking for. Though everything Paul said was brilliant, so I was happy to work with that; especially his point about TV commissioners in London not really paying attention to Scottish Comedy because it wasn’t made for them in the first place.
Robert Florence, one of the two writers of Burnistoun, was straight away my first choice for the ‘scottish comedy creator’ of the package, as we’d spoken on twitter before and he’s a fan of some of the comedy stuff I do. I emailed him about the interview, and he said that he’d definitely be up for it. But when it got closer to the date I suggested, he wasn’t replying to emails. And when he did get back to me he said he’d still be up for it, I suggested a date, but there was still nothing. It got too close to the hand-in date, and I really hate bothering people who’re obviously too busy/not really interested in taking part, so I decided to move on. At the same time as the above was happening, I asked a mutual friend to forward on an email to Greg McHugh who writes the show Gary: Tank Commander. No response came from that, and as I was aware that he was filming the new series of his show, I decided just to leave it. In all honesty, I probably should’ve emailed a few more people about interviews.
By this stage, I decided to change one of my interviews; I wasn’t able to get a creator of scottish tv comedy, so I went for a performer of scottish comedy, who has played outside of England. I originally thought of people like Fred McCaulay and Kevin Bridges but thought it would probably take too much organisation to get through to them in time. I asked ‘Teddy’, a comedian I know and have met before, if he’d be up for an interview and he was, and available to do it the next morning. That interview was good, and he said exactly what I hoped he would say; the fact he changes his material for the different gigs he does sometimes and the sense of humour getting darker the further north in the uk you go being the two main points.
For some reason, it took me a while to think of someone to interview for the commissioner part of the interview. But I’ve no idea why, because I remembered that a contact of mine, Jemma Rodgers, used to be the head of comedy at BBC Scotland/was a commissioner. So I emailed her and asked if she would be up for an interview, which she very kindly agreed to. There was a problem with the audio that I got from this interview, in that the room we were in was very echoey and my levels weren’t quite right, so that’s something I’d change if I were to do it again. Also, listening back to it, it felt a bit like I was interviewing her about herself, and not my package; at this stage, I don’t think I’d quite worked out where I was going with the package, and what questions I wanted to ask, so I should’ve focussed on questions relating to the actual package a lot more.
Once I had all of the interviews, the script came pretty quickly to me. But I did have to alter the original order and plan of interviews. Originally, it was going to be: Scottish comedy creator > commissioner > reviewer. But after listening to the audio of the interviews, I worked out that this original plan wouldn’t really work anymore; the whole point of ending with the reviewer interview, was to show that scottish comedies can make their way out of scotland. But because I couldn’t get that interview, and Paul English was a Scottish journalist, that didn’t really work anymore.
I decided to start the package off with Paul talking about why he thinks some scottish comedies don’t make it south of the border, followed that up with ‘Teddy’ taking about if it’s also different/hard for scottish stand-ups when performing outside of scotland. And then I ask whether the creators of scottish comedy should alter their work, for a larger appeal to audiences outside of scotland. The last interview in the package is Jemma talking about her ambition, which is to create a scottish comedy that is popular worldwide. Which I think is a good ending, because it shows that somebody does want this to happen, and that there is some hope out there; she also talks about the comedy she’s hoping to go worldwide, which should intrigue the listener as to what this show is/about.
In the package, I wanted to use clips of scottish comedies, as I thought it would be a good addition to it, and I’ve heard Radio Scotland play clips from comedies before. It took me a while to find the right clips to use, as I had to find ones that were both short, and worked on the radio; that ruled most sketches from ‘Limmy’s Show’ out as the majority of them are very visual. There was one comedy sketch, that from the start, I knew I wanted to use, and that was one from Burnistoun; it’s a sketch that takes place in a lift, and it’s about the automated lift not being able to understand the scottish accents of the characters, which works perfectly in a package about scottish comedy not getting as much coverage elsewhere.
Another clip that I used featured Kevin Bridges talking about the stereotype of Glasgow being seen as rough by people in England, and generally not in Scotland.
In the final package, I only used the Kevin and Burnistoun clips, as there really wasn’t any room for anymore. I also feel that it was enough; any more, and the message of my package may have been diluted by people just wanting to hear the clips. But I feel that I found a good middle ground. 
It was all very last minute in terms of getting the script recorded; I asked Stephanie Drake to record the presenter voice for me, as I feel this would help level the playing field, so to speak; there were already, including clips, 5 male voices, and only 1 female. So that’s why I asked Steph, and I personally think her voice worked really well, and complimented the others. It was then just a matter of piecing together the audio.
Overall, I’m very happy with how the package turned out. I was worried as a lot of it was being done in a rush; I thought I’d maybe miss out some crucial facts, or not think about something enough and want to change bits when it’s too late. But in an odd way, maybe the sense of urgency to get it done added to the final product; I always think that I work a bit better under pressure, and it also gave it that fresh feeling. It wasn’t something I’d planned weeks beforehand and something that was going to stay untouched; it was a brand new, just made thing that I enjoyed working on. 
If I was to do it again I would definitely work on my questions more. I feel that with a lot of the interviews I did, I was coming up with the questions at the very last minute and not doing enough research in to the people I was interviewing, especially when the interviewees were people I already knew. I thought ‘oh, it’s fine if I’m a bit sloppy and unprepared here, we’re friends’ which is obviously a bad way to be thinking.
So yes, I think I’ve made a good package, and that it fits what I was expected to do. The majority of accents in the package are scottish ones, the clips played are scottish, the topic is scottish; it’s exactly the sort of thing I’d expect to hear on Radio Scotland.

Monday, 28 May 2012

One hour show - music.

In our one hour show, we played the following amount of music, which we would be paying for by the second, as it's going out on the BBC.

Biffy Clyro - Many of Horror 2min 9secs
KT Tunstall - Black Horse and the Cherry Tree 5min 6 secs
Ramin Djawadi – Game of Thrones Main Theme 3.53
The Asps - Keep 5:48
Emilie Sande - Heaven 4.10


In Hassan's package, he used scottish music, and some french music, but he has not specified what this music was, or how much of it there was.


Thursday, 24 May 2012

one hour how - completed. how it went?

as i said in the last post, i'm very happy with how it went. but the preparation that morning didn't go too great. for some reason Hassan's package wasn't working on the computer, which it needed to so we could upload it to the system. so i suggested that he bounced it from his original pro tools file again, which worked, but only when it was put on my usb, which was weird; he reckons there is something wrong with his one.
i'd originally planned to use this time to work on the final bit of the script.
Liam was still finishing off his package, so it wasn't until the last 20/30 minutes before the live show that he was able to get his package intro to me, to print out. i got a bit stressed out when re-doing the timings (as i now knew the length of Liam's package) as i knew how little time we had left, and i'm not entirely sure if all of my timings were correct.
there was also a problem printing the script, but luckily barry from another group printed it off for us, which i was very thankful for.

in terms of how the actual show went, i think it went well. there was only one bit that i had a bit of trouble with, and that was when i was interviewing gareth. i just froze up at one point, but luckily it wasn't for as long as i thought it was; just a second or something. this was due to me not having any more questions for gareth written down, which i don't think was entirely my fault; a few times i'd asked other group members to add questions for him but got nothing in return, which was completely understandable considering they were busy working on their own stuff.
the other members of the group could see that i was struggling, and got me to wrap it up; annoyingly about 3 or 4 minutes short of what was planned. i was really worried that i'd ruined the whole thing at this point, but was reassured by the others. and we decided, that to fill the gap, we'd put another song in that relates to Allan's package. for a while we discussed coming back to gareth at the end for another interview, but at the time didn't know if we would've been able to come up with enough questions for him, in that short space of time.
so we played another song at the end, that fitted in with Allan's package, and that brought us exactly to the 1 hour mark.

so yeah, overall i think it went really well; it's just that at the time, and a bit after, i was worried that i'd ruined it all during the interview with gareth. but yeah, i think it sounded okay and just went a lot slower in my head.

one hour show - completed. the work-up.

that's the one hour show, done and out of the way. i'm very happy with how it went, apart from maybe one thing, which i'll touch on in a later blog. i didn't have a chance to blog about the coming together of the show, due to being too busy working on it, but i'll cover it here.

So there you can see a message that I sent to Liam and Allan, about what needed to be done in the morning, before the one hour show. I also put some rough questions for Gareth in there. I also sent an email with the rough script to Liam, Allan and Hassan.


In those messages to Liam and Allan, I talk about what the rough time for the show was; I couldn't work it out exactly, due to not having everyone's intro and the running time of Liam's package. I also mention that I'd worked out exactly how much time we need to get through the rest of the show, post-interview; which helps us work out how long the interview is going to last. I can't find a copy of the rough ones, but here are the final ones; there really isn't much difference, just the addition of peoples intro to their packages. This first one features all the introductions, and how long everything lasts:
Jingle (11 seconds)
Intro to the Show (0.5 minute)
Welcome to the Culture Café here on Radio Wow. A weekly look at what’s culturally relevant in Scotland today. This week we’re taking a look at some of Scotland’s exports. Several of our best reporters have produced some packages about some things you’ll probably recognize to be Scottish as well as some things that may surprise you.
But to start us off I hosted a discussion with two students about what they believe to be Scotland’s most important exports.

Group Discussion - what is scotland’s greatest export. etc. (5.20 minutes)
In: ‘Hello, and welcome...
Out: ‘...about scottish exports’
Hassan’s intro to his package (0.5 minutes)
Next is a package about one of the most important Scottish exports, the tartan.
As you know the status of tartan in history, culture and society in Scotland
It's also one of the important Scottish exports
Which supports the national economy of Scotland nearly to 350 million pounds per year.
We will know more information about Tartan and listen to some of interviews about this old Scottish industry through this package.
Hassan’s package (8 minutes)
                In: ‘The tartan industry...’
                
Out: ‘...many years to come.’
Jingle (4 seconds)
Intro Liam Package (0.5 minutes)
When discussing Scottish exports I wanted to highlight some of my personal favorite Scottish writers, and while writers such as Christopher Brookmyer and Ian Rankin have found both critical acclaim as well as a degree of celebrity in their homeland, however there are writers who sell double the amount books that Brookmyer and Rankin do. 
Why haven’t you heard of them? Because the majority of their readers can be found in the United States of America. In my piece I’d like to highlight the work of comic book writer Grant Morrison
Liam’s package (6.48 minutes)
Liam - Comic Excerpt/Interview with Grant Morrison (1.50)
Interview with Liam (pre-recorded) - make package why? etc. (1.10)
Jingle (4 seconds)
Intro James’ package (0.5 minutes)
The comedy that comes from scotland is something that we, as a country, are very proud of. Not just because we are in scotland, but because there’s something really original about it. But a lot of the great tv shows made in scotland, don’t get an airing elsewhere, and a lot of the comedians from scotland don’t get enough exposure outside of it. This package is about why it’s so hard for scottish creators to get their work networked and appreciated, across the nation.
James’ package (7.32)
In: ‘When you travel...’
Out: ‘...selected a floor’.
Interview with James - (1.25)
Interview with Gareth Waugh (10 minutes)
Where outside of Scotland have you performed?
How did you find it/those gigs, etc?
Did you feel the need to alter your material for the place/country you were playing in?
Did you take in to account local references, to get more of a laugh?
Do you feel that the audience had a certain expectation when they found out/knew you were from Scotland?
James Outro 
Now, to get you prepared for the next package, here are The Asps with 
The Asps (4 minutes; 3.58 exact)
Intro Allan’s package (20 seconds)
Music has been around in Scotland for thousands of years, so to say it is an important matter in this country would be an understatement. Even today there are Scottish artists who are in the charts. But how can someone go from busking on the streets of Glenrothes to selling out arenas in Rio. Hopefully this package will give you little insight into how people already in the business have achieved their dreams.
Allan’s package (6.36) 
           In: ‘Scotland has produced...’
        Out: ‘....be original and enjoy it.’
Interview with Allan (pre-recorded) - why package? (3.15)
Wrap-up. (1 minute)
Well folks thank you for joining us today on the Culture Cafe. Our thanks to Gareth for joining us today and a big thanks to my fellow colleagues James, Hassan and Liam for their individual insights into some of Scotlands greatest exports. We will leave you now with a woman who has done Scotland proud over the last decade, you heard her earlier on my music exports package. This is KT Tunstall with Black Horse and the Cherry Tree. Goodbye 
KT Tunstall (3 minutes)

And this one, features the times we should be at, after every element of the show:

Jingle - 11 seconds 
(0.11)
Intro - 30 seconds
(0.41)
Group Discussion - 5 minutes 20 seconds
(6.01)
Jingle - 4 seconds
(6.05)
Hassan Intro - 40 seconds
(6.45)
Hassan Package - 8 minutes
(14.45)
Jingle - 4 seconds
(14.49)
Liam intro - 30 seconds
(15.19)
Liam package - 6.48
(22.07)
Liam Grant Morrison Clip - 1 min 50
(23.57)
Interview with Liam - 1 minute 15 seconds
(25.12)
Jingle - 4 seconds
(25.18)
James Intro - 20 seconds
(25.38)
James Package - 7 minutes 20 seconds
(32.58)
Interview with James - 2 minutes
(34.58)
Gareth Waugh + intro to Asps - 5/10 minutes
(39.58/44.58)
Jingle - 2 seconds
(40.00/45.00)
The Asps - 4 minutes
(44.00/49.00)
Allan Intro - 20 seconds
(44.20/49.20)
Allan Package - 6 minutes 36
(51.56/56.56)
Interview with Allan - 3 minutes
(54.56/59.56)
Outro - 30 seconds
(55.16/1.00.16)
KT Tunstall - 3 minutes.
(58.16/1.03.16)
Notes: Where I’ve put the two times, that’s taking in to account
the interview with Gareth being either 5 or 10 minutes. As you can see,
if the interview lasts 10 minutes, that’s going to cause trouble.
As it stands, about 7 minutes is looking about right.
But we’ll deal with it as it comes.

I was a bit worried about there being a lot of mistakes in it, as I typed it all up the day/couple of days before. Luckily, we'd already worked out the outline and it was really just a matter of timings.

We also recorded the little mini interviews with each other on Monday. The questions I wrote up for us to ask each other were:

Why did you decide to make a package on this?
Did you have any troubles along the way?
What would you like people to take away with them, after listening to your package?

Unfortunately Hassan had left that day, by the time we recorded them, and we didn't have enough time to do it the following morning, so we had to leave it without his interview.








Wednesday, 23 May 2012

Costings - package

I needed the following for the creation of this package:

Zoom Mic - £119
Presenter voice - £125 per hour
Studio hire - £30 per hour
M-box equipment. - £500 (or less.)
Audacity - Free.
Cost of phone calls to conduct interviews - price unknown.
Travel to interview with Jemma Rodgers - £1.40 bus fare.


Helping others

Andi, a member of another group, was having a bit of trouble with the wording of a bit of his package script. He asked for some help and I came in and suggested some changes, which he liked and went with.

I also helped out Barry, from a different group, when he was having a bit of trouble getting his package under 8 minutes; I suggested some bits that he could cut out, and mentioned that it would be much easier to cut out audio nearer the end, so he doesn't need to tinker with earlier bits + mess up the general running of the package as a whole.